Saccharin derivative proteolytic enzyme inhibitors

ABSTRACT

Compounds having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein L is N, O or SO n  wherein n is 0, 1 or 2; 
     L--R 1  is a leaving group, H--L--R 1  is the conjugate acid thereof and, when L is N, H--L--R 1  has a pK a  value less than or equal to 6, when L is O, H--L--R 1  has a pK a  value less than or equal to to 8, and when L is SO n , H--L--R 1  has a pK a  value less than or equal to 5; 
     R 2  is primary or secondary alkyl of two to four carbon atoms, primary alkylamino of one to three carbon atoms, primary alkylmethylamino of two to four carbon atoms, diethylamino or primary alkoxy of one to three carbon atoms; and 
     R 3  is from one to three of a variety of substituents at any or all of the 5-, 6- and 7-positions; 
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof if the compound has a basic functional group or a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt thereof if the compound has an acidic functional group, 
     which inhibit the enzymatic activity of proteolytic enzymes, and processes for preparation thereof, method of use thereof in treatment of degenerative diseases and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are disclosed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a division of our Ser. No. 08/445,240, filed on May19, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,623 which in turn is a division ofSer. No. 08/289,113, filed on Aug. 11, 1994 (now U.S. Pat. No.5,464,852, issued on Nov. 7, 1995), which in turn is a division of08/113,508, filed on Aug. 27, 1993 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,380,737, issuedon Jan. 10, 1995), which in turn is a continuation of our prior Ser. No.07/793,035, filed on Nov. 15, 1991 (now abandoned), which in turn is acontinuation-in-part of our prior Ser. No. 07/514,920, filed on Apr. 26,1990 (now abandoned), and a continuation-in-part of 07/608,068, filedNov. 1, 1990 (now abandoned) and a continuation-in-part of 07/782,016,filed on Oct. 24, 1991 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,128,339, issued on Jul. 7,1992). Application Ser. No. 07/514,920 is additionally acontinuation-in-part of our prior Ser. No. 07/347,125 and acontinuation-in-part of 07/347,126, both filed on May 4, 1989 (both nowabandoned).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to saccharin derivatives which inhibit theenzymatic activity of proteolytic enzymes, to processes for preparationthereof, to method of use thereof in treatment of degenerative diseasesand to pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

2. Information Disclosure Statement

Inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes are useful in treatment ofdegenerative disorders such as emphysema, rheumatoid arthritis andpancreatitis in which proteolysis is a substantive element. Serineproteases are the most widely distributed class of proteolytic enzymes.Some serine proteases are characterized as chymotrypsin-like orelastase-like based upon their substrate specificity. Chymotrypsin andchymotrypsin-like enzymes normally cleave a peptide bond in a protein ata site at which the amino acid on the carbonyl side is Trp, Tyr, Phe,Met, Leu or other amino acid which contains an aromatic or a large alkylside chain. Elastase and elastase-like enzymes normally cleave a peptidebond at a site at which the amino acid residue on the carbonyl side ofthe bond is Ala, Val, Ser, Leu or other small amino acid. Bothchymotrypsin-like and elastase-like enzymes are found in leukocytes,mast cells and pancreatic juice in higher organisms, and are secreted bymany types of bacteria, yeast and parasites.

Mulvey et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,195,023 issued Mar. 25, 1980 describesmethods of inhibiting elastase and treating emphysema with 4, 5, 6 or7-R₁ -2-R₂ CO-1,2-benzisothiazolinone-1,1-dioxide (4, 5, 6 or 7-R₁ -2-R₂CO-saccharin) wherein R₁ is halogen, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino,alkoxycarbonyl, amino, nitro or especially hydrogen and R₂ is hydrogen,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, halophenyl, heteroaryl orsubstituted heteroaryl, for example 2-(2-furoyl)saccharin, andpharmaceutical compositions thereof.

Chen U.S. Pat. No. 4,263,393 issued Apr. 21, 1981 describes2-aroylmethylsaccharins substituted or unsubstituted on aroyl and on thesaccharin nucleus including for example as compound 12 2-(p-fluorobenzoyl)methyl!saccharin as being "useful in photographicelements, film units and processes to provide electrons to immobilecompounds which must accept at least one electron before releasing adiffusible dye or photgraphic reagent."

Jones et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,276,298 issued Jun. 30, 1981 describes2-R-1,2-benzisothiazolinone-1,1-dioxides (2-R-saccharin) wherein R isphenyl or pyridyl substituted by from one to five of fluoro, nitroexcept mononitro when R is phenyl, trifluoromethyl, cyano,alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, carbamoyl, alkylacylamino,alkylsulfonyl, N,N-dialkylsulfamyl, trifluoromethoxy,trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulfonyl and trifluoromethylsulfinyl"useful in methods of inhibiting proteases, especially elastase, and oftreating emphysema ,! rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatorydiseases."

Reczek et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,350,752 issued Sep. 21, 1982 describes2-(heterocyclylmethyl)saccharins substituted or unsubstituted onheterocyclyl and on the saccharin nucleus including for example ascompound 28 2- (1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl!saccharin as "blockedphotographic reagents . . . useful in photographic elements, film unitsand processes."

Dunlap et al. PCT application WO 90/13549 published Nov. 15, 1990describes saccharin derivatives useful as proteolytic enzyme inhibitorshaving the structural formula: ##STR2## wherein: L is --O--, --S--,--SO-- or --SO₂ --;

m and n are each independently 0 or 1;

R₁ is halogen, lower-alkanoyl, 1-oxo-phenalenyl, phenyl (or phenylsubstituted by halogen, lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy, nitro, amino,lower-alkylamino or di-lower-alkyl-amino) or heterocyclyl selected from1H-(5-tetrazolyl), 5-oxo-1-tetrazolyl, 5-thioxo-1-tetrazolyl (when R₂ asdefined hereinbelow is other than phenylthio), pyrimidinyl,2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, 2-phthalimidyl,2-(1,3,4-thiadiazolyl), 5-(1,2,4-thiadiazolyl),5-thioxo-3-(1,2,4-thiadiazolyl), 4-(5-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl),4-5-thioxo-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl), 3-(1,2,4-triazolyl),4-(1,2,4-triazolyl), (1,2,3-triazolyl), 2-imidazolyl or3-(1,2,4-triazolo 4,3-a!-pyridinyl), or such heterocyclyl groupssubstituted on any available nitrogen atom by lower-alkyl,hydroxy-lower-alkyl, cycloalkyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridinyl,carboxy-lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxycarbonyl-lower-alkyl,aminocarbonyl-lower-alkyl, lower-alkylaminocarbonyl-lower-alkyl,di-lower-alkylamino-carbonyl-lower-alkyl, amino-lower-alkyl,lower-alkylamino-lower-alkyl, di-lower-alkylamino-lower-alkyl,4-morpholinyl-lower-alkyl, 1-piperidinyl-lower-alkyl,1-pyrrolidinyl-lower-alkyl or phenyl (or phenyl substituted by amino,lower-alkyl-amino, di-lower-alkylamino, lower-alkanamido,N-lower-alkyl-lower-alkanamido, carboxy-lower-alkanamido, carboxy,carbo-lower-alkoxy, lower-alkoxy or halogen), or such heterocyclylgroups substituted on any available carbon atom by nitro, lower-alkyl,amino, lower-alkylamino, di-lower-alkylamino, cycloalkylamino, mercapto,lower-alkylthio, amino-lower-alkylthio,lower-alkylamino-lower-alkylthio, di-lower-alkyl-amino-lower-alkylthio,4-morpholinyl-lower-alkylthio, 1-piperidinyl-lower-alkylthio,1-pyrrolidinyl-lower-alkylthio, carbo-lower-alkoxy or phenyl (or phenylsubstituted by amino, lower-alkylamino, di-lower-alkylamino,lower-alkanamido, N-lower-alkyl-lower-alkanamido, lower-alkyl,lower-alkoxy or halogen);

R₂ is hydrogen, carbo-lower-alkoxy, phenyl or phenylthio;

R₃ is hydrogen, halogen, primary or secondary lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy,carbo-lower-alkoxy, phenyl, fluoro-lower-alkyl, lower-alkenyl or cyano;

R₄ is hydrogen or from one to two substituents selected from halogen,cyano, nitro, amino, lower-alkanamido, phenyl-lower-alkanamido,diphenyl-lower-alkanamido, lower-alkylsulfonylamino,polyfluoro-lower-alkylsulfonylamino, aminosulfonyl, lower-alkyl,polyhalo-lower-alkyl, cycloalkyl, polyhalo-lower-alkoxy, hydroxy,lower-alkoxy, carboxy, hydroxymethyl, formyl, aminomethyl,lower-alkylsulfonyl, polyhalo-lower-alkylsulfonyl,lower-alkylsulfonyl-aminosulfonyl andlower-alkoxypoly-lower-alkyleneoxy; and wherein the --CHR₂ -group isalways appended either to a hetero atom of the L moiety as defined aboveor it is appended to a hetero atom of the R₁ moiety, with the provisosthat (i) when m and n are 0 and R₂, R₃ and R₄ are all hydrogen, R₁cannot be halogen; (ii) when m is 0, n is 1, L is --S-- and R₂, R₃ andR₄ are each hydrogen, R₁ cannot be 1-phenyl-1H-(5-tetrazolyl); (iii)when m is 0, n is 1, L is --O-- or --S-- and R₂, R₃ and R₄ are allhydrogen, R₁ cannot be lower-alkanoyl; (iv) when m is 0, n is 1, L is--O--, --S-- or --SO--, and R₂, R₃ and R₄ are all hydrogen, or when m isO, n is 1, L is --S--, R₂ and R₄ are hydrogen and R₃ is halogen, or whenm is O, n is 1, L is --SO-- or --SO₂ --, R₂ is carbo-lower-alkoxy and R₃and R₄ are both hydrogen, R₁ cannot be phenyl or substituted phenyl.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In a first composition of matter aspect the invention is a compoundhaving the structural formula ##STR3## wherein L is N, O or SO_(n)wherein n is 0, 1 or 2;

L--R¹ is a leaving group, H--L--R¹ is the conjugate acid thereof and,when L is N, H--L--R¹ has a pK_(a) value less than or equal to 6, when Lis O, H--L--R¹ has a pK_(a) value less than or equal to to 8, and when Lis SO_(n), H--L--R¹ has a pK_(a) value less than or equal to to 5;

R² is primary or secondary alkyl of two to four carbon atoms, primaryalkylamino of one to three carbon atoms, primary alkylmethylamino of twoto four carbon atoms, diethylamino or primary alkoxy of one to threecarbon atoms; and

R³ is from one to three substituents at any or all of the 5-, 6- and7-positions and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,lower-alkyl, cycloalkyl, amino-lower-alkyl,lower-alkylamino-lower-alkyl, di-lower-alkylamino-lower-alkyl,hydroxy-lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy-lower-alkyl, perfluoro-lower-alkyl,perchloro-lower-alkyl, formyl, cyano, carboxy, aminocarbonyl,R-oxycarbonyl, B═N wherein B═N is amino, lower-alkylamino,di-lower-alkylamino, carboxy-lower-alkylamino, 1-pyrrolidinyl,1-piperidinyl, 1-azetidinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl,4-lower-alkyl-1-piperazinyl, 4-benzyl-1-piperazinyl or 1-imidazolyl,1-lower-alkyl-2-pyrrolyl, lower-alkylsulfonylamino,perfluoro-lower-alkylsulfonylamino, perchloro-lower-alkylsulfonylamino,nitro, hydroxy, lower-alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, B═N-lower-alkoxy,hydroxy-lower-alkoxy, polyhydroxy-lower-alkoxy or acetal or ketalthereof, lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy, poly-lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy,hydroxy-poly-lower-alkylenoxy, lower-alkoxy-poly-lower-alkylenoxy,B═N-carbonyloxy, carboxy-lower-alkoxy, R-oxycarbonyl-lower-alkoxy,methylenedioxy, di-lower-alkylphosphonyloxy, R-thio, R-sulfinyl,R-sulfonyl, perfluoro-lower-alkylsulfonyl,perchloro-lower-alkylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, lower-alkylaminosulfonyl,di-lower-alkylaminosulfonyl and halo wherein R is lower-alkyl, phenyl,benzyl or naphthyl or phenyl or naphthyl having one or two substituentsselected from the group consisting of lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy andhalo;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof if thecompound has a basic functional group or a pharmaceutically acceptablebase addition salt thereof if the compound has an acidic functionalgroup.

The compounds of Formula I inhibit the enzymatic activity of proteolyticenzymes and are useful in treatment of degenerative diseases.

In a first process aspect the invention is the process for preparing acompound of Formula I which comprises condensing the correspondingcompound having the structural formula ##STR4## wherein X is chloro orbromo with the corresponding compound of formula H--L'--R¹ in thepresence of a base or with a corresponding basic salt of the compound offormula H--L'--R¹ wherein L' is N, O or S to prepare the correspondingcompound of Formula I wherein L is N, O or S and then oxidizing with onemolar equivalent of a peroxide or peracid the corresponding compound ofFormula I wherein L is S to prepare the compound of Formula I wherein Lis SO or with one or two molar equivalents of a peroxide or peracid thecorresponding compound of Formula I wherein L is SO or S respectively toprepare the compound of Formula I wherein L is SO₂.

In a second process aspect the invention is the process for preparing acompound of Formula I which comprises condensing the correspondingcompound of formula X--CH₂ --L'--R₁ wherein X is chloro or bromo and L'is N, O or S with the corresponding compound having the structuralformula ##STR5## in the presence of a base or with a basic salt thereofto prepare the corresponding compound of Formula I wherein L is N, O orS and then oxidizing with one molar equivalent of a peroxide or peracidthe corresponding compound of Formula I wherein L is S to prepare thecompound of Formula I wherein L is SO or with one or two molarequivalents of a peroxide or peracid the corresponding compound ofFormula I wherein L is SO or S respectively to prepare the compound ofFormula I wherein L is SO₂.

In a third process aspect the invention is the process for preparing acompound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is acyl which comprisescondensing the corresponding compound having the structural formula##STR6## with the corresponding acid chloride of formula Cl--R¹ or thecorresponding acid anhydride of formula O(R₁)₂ in the presence of astrong acid catalyst.

In a fourth process aspect the invention is the process for preparing acompound of Formula I wherein L--R¹ is substituted or unsubstituted1,2,3-triazol-1-yl which comprises condensing the corresponding compoundof Formula II with an alkali metal azide and then effectingcycloaddition of the resulting 2-azidomethyl-4-R² -5, 6 or 7-R³-saccharin with the corresponding substituted or unsubstitutedacetylene.

In a fifth process aspect the invention is the method of treating apatient having a degenerative disease which comprises administering tothe patient a proteolytic enzyme inhibiting amount of a compound ofFormula I.

In a second composition of matter aspect the invention is apharmaceutical composition for treatment of degenerative disease whichcomprises a proteolytic enzyme inhibiting concentration of a compound ofFormula I in a pharmaceutical carrier.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION INCLUSIVE OF THE PREFERREDEMBODIMENTS

The Compounds and Their Preparation

Saccharin is 1,2-benzisothiazol-(1H)-3-one-1,1dioxide and the compoundsof Formula I, which are 2-(R¹ --L--CH₂)-4-R² -(5, 6 and/or 7)-R³-1,2-benzisothiazol-(1H)-3-one-1,1-dioxides, are accordingly 2-(R¹--L--CH₂)-4-R² -(5, 6 and/or 7)-R³ -saccharins.

In the compounds of Formulas I-IV "corresponding" means that a definedvariable in one formula has the same definition in another formula.

When L is N, N taken together with R¹ is N-heterocyclyl, that is, N ispart of a heterocyclic ring and is the atom whereby the heterocyclicring is bonded to CH₂. N-Heterocyclyl is preferably monocyclic orbicyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, aromatic or hydroaromaticN-heterocyclyl, most preferably monocyclic, substituted, aromaticN-heterocyclyl, for example 4,5-di(t-butylsulfonyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl.When L is O, the bond between L and R¹ is an ester or ester-like bond oran ether or ether-like bond. If it is an ester or ester-like bond, R¹ ispreferably acyl wherein acyl is lower-alkanoyl or an amino acid orpeptide acyl or cycloalkanecarbonyl or monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclicaryl-lower-alkanoyl unsubstituted or substituted in alkanoyl by hydroxyor monocyclic or bicyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, aromatic orhydroaromatic C-heterocyclylcarbonyl, monocyclic substituted orunsubstituted aryloxy-2-lower-alkanoyl or more preferably monocyclic,bicyclic or tricyclic, substituted or unsubstituted aroyl, mostpreferably monocyclic substituted or unsubstituted aroyl, orB'═N-carbonyl wherein B'═N is amino, lower-alkylamino,di-lower-alkylamino, aryl-lower-alkylamino, diarylamino, 1-pyrrolidinyl,1-piperidinyl, 1-morpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 4-lower-alkyl-1-piperazinylor 1-azepinyl. If it is an ester or ester-like bond, R¹ is alsopreferably (mono or di-lower-alkyl, phenyl orlower-alkoxyphenyl)phosphinyl or (mono or di-lower-alkyl, phenyl orphenyl-lower-alkyl)phosphono. If it is an ether or ether-like bond, R¹is preferably monocyclic or bicyclic, substituted or unsubstituted,aromatic or hydroaromatic C-heterocyclyl or the residue of an oxime ormore preferably monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic, substituted aryl ormonocyclic or bicyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, aromatic orhydroaromatic 3-oxocarbocycl-1-enyl or 3-oxo-C-heterocycl-1-enyl. When Lis S, the bond between L and R¹ is a thioester or thioether orthiocarbonate bond and H--L--R₁ is a thioacid or thiol or thiocarbonateand R¹ is preferably cyano or lower-alkoxythiocarbonyl or monocyclic,bicyclic or tricyclic, substituted or unsubstituted aroyl or aryl orpreferably monocyclic or bicyclic, substituted or unsubstituted,aromatic or hydroaromatic C-heterocyclyl, most preferably monocyclic,substituted, aromatic C-heterocyclyl, for example 1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl.In C-heterocyclyl and C-heterocyclylcarbonyl the heterocyclic ring isbonded to CH₂ and carbonyl respectively at a carbon atom of theheterocyclic ring.

In lower-alkyl, perfluoro-lower-alkyl, perchloro-lower-alkyl,lower-alkoxycarbonyl, lower-alkylamino, di-lower-alkylamino,lower-alkoxy, the lower-alkylamino part of lower-alkylamino-lower-alkyl,the lower-alkylamino part of di-lower-alkylamino-lower-alkyl, thelower-alkoxy part of lower-alkoxy-lower-alkyl, carboxy-lower-alkylamino,4-lower-alkyl-1-piperazinyl, 1-lower-alkyl-2-pyrrolyl,lower-alkylsulfonylamino, perfluoro-lower-alkylsulfonylamino,perchloro-lower-alkylsulfonylamino, the first lower-alkoxy part oflower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy, the first lower-alkoxy part ofpoly-lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy, the lower-alkoxy part oflower-alkoxy-poly-lower-alkylenoxy, R-oxycarbonyl-lower-alkoxy,perfluoro-lower-alkylsulfonyl, perchloro-lower-alkylsulfonyl,lower-alkylaminosulfonyl and di-lower-alkylaminosulfonyl the carbonchain part thereof has from one to ten carbon atoms, preferably from oneto four carbon atoms, and is branched or unbranched. Inamino-lower-alkyl, the lower-alkyl part of lower-alkylamino-lower-alkyl,the lower-alkyl part of di-lower-alkylamino-lower-alkyl,hydroxy-lower-alkyl, the lower-alkyl part of lower-alkoxy-lower-alkyl,the lower-alkoxy part of N═B-lower-alkoxy, hydroxy-lower-alkoxy,polyhydroxy-lower-alkoxy, the second lower-alkoxy part oflower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy, the second lower-alkoxy part ofpoly-lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy, the alkylenoxy part ofhydroxy-poly-lower-alkylenoxy, the alkylenoxy part oflower-alkoxy-poly-lower-alkylenoxy and lower-alkanoyl the carbon chainpart thereof has from two to ten carbon atoms, preferably from two tofour carbon atoms, and is branched or unbranched. Alkylene is preferably1,2-alkylene. Cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy and cycloalkanoyl have from threeto six ring carbon atoms and can be substituted by one or morelower-alkyl. Halo is fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo. Monocyclic aryl isphenyl. Bicyclic aryl is naphthyl. Tricyclic aryl is anthracyl orphenanthryl. Monocyclic aroyl is benzoyl. Bicyclic aroyl is naphthoyl.Tricyclic aroyl is anthracenoyl or phenanthrenoyl. Aryl and aroyl can besubstituted by lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy or halo. 3-Oxocarbocycl-1-enyland 3-oxo-C-heterocycl-1-enyl have from four to ten ring carbon atomsand can be substituted by one or more lower-alkyl or other substituent.

R² is preferably primary or secondary alkyl of two to four carbon atoms.

R³ is preferably hydroxy, lower-alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, B═N-lower-alkoxy,hydroxy-lower-alkoxy, polyhydroxy-lower-alkoxy or acetal or ketalthereof, lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy, poly-lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy,lower-alkoxy-poly-lower-alkoxy, B═N-carbonyloxy, carboxy-lower-alkoxy,R-oxycarbonyl-lower-alkoxy, methylenedioxy ordi-lower-alkylphosphonyloxy and, except methylenedioxy, is preferablylocated at the 6-position. Methylenedioxy can be located at the 5 and 6-or 6 and 7-positions.

In carrying out preparation of a compound of Formula I from acorresponding compound of Formula II and the corresponding H--L'--R¹ ora corresponding compound of Formula III and the corresponding X--CH₂--L'--R¹ in the presence of a base the base can be any base which is notitself a reactant under the reaction conditions and is preferably analkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal alkoxide, atri-lower-alkylamine, a thallous lower-alkoxide, 1,8-diazabicyclo5.4.0!undec-7-ene or 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo 4.4.0!dec-5-ene. Underthe reaction conditions the base may form the basic salt of H--L'--R¹ orthe compound of Formula III, which then reacts with the compound ofFormula I or X--CH₂ --L'--R¹ respectively. The basic salt of H--L'--R¹or the compound of Formula III can also be formed separately and thencondensed with the compound of Formula II or X--CH₂ --L'--R¹respectively and is preferably an alkali metal, especially cesium, orthallous salt thereof. The condensation is carried out in an organicsolvent or mixture of organic solvents inert under the reactionconditions, for example acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile,tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone,dichloromethane, xylene, toluene or a lower-alkanol or mixture thereof,at a temperature in the range from ambient temperature to the boilingtemperature of the solvent or solvent mixture.

In carrying out preparation of a compound of Formula I from acorresponding compound of Formula IV and the corresponding acid chlorideCl--R¹ or the corresponding acid anhydride O(R¹)₂ the strong acidcatalyst is any strong acid catalyst which does not otherwise react withthe compound of Formula I or the compound of Formula IV, for examplesulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. The condensation is carriedwith or without an organic solvent inert under the reaction conditionsor a mixture thereof at a temperature of 0°-100° C.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is SO or SO₂ can be prepared using anyperoxide or peracid which does not oxidize any other part of themolecule in an inert solvent with or without heating or cooling. Thepreferred peroxide or peracid is m-chloroperbenzoic acid.

In preparing a compound of Formula I wherein L--R¹ is substituted orunsubstituted 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl the alkali metal azide is preferablysodium azide. Condensation of the corresponding compound of Formula IIwith the alkali metal azide is carried out with or without heating orcooling, preferably at room temperature, in an inert solvent, forexample benzene, toluene or dimethylformamide, optionally using a crownether, for example 18-crown-6 ether. Cyclization of the resulting2-azidomethyl-4-R² -5, 6 or 7-R³ -saccharin with the correspondingsubstituted or unsubstituted acetylene is preferably carried out in thesame inert solvent with heating.

The compounds of Formulas II, III and IV and of formulas H--L--R¹,X--CH₂ --L--R¹, Cl--R¹ and O(R¹)₂ are known or are made by known methodsor by methods described below.

A compound of Formula III can be prepared by diazotizing thecorresponding lower-alkyl 2-amino-3, 4 or 5-R³ -6-R⁴ -benzoate ester,chlorosulfonylating the resulting lower-alkyl 3, 4 or 5-R³ -6-R⁴-benzoate ester 2-diazonium salt with sulfur dioxide and cuprouschloride, and cyclizing the resulting lower-alkyl 2-chlorosulfonyl-3, 4or 5-R³ -6-R⁴ -benzoate ester with ammonia. Hydroxy-methylation of theresulting compound of Formula III with formaldehyde affords thecorresponding compound of Formula IV, displacement of whose hydroxylwith chloride or bromide using, for example thionyl chloride, thionylbromide, phosphorus trichloride or phosphorus tribromide affords thecorresponding compound of Formula II.

A compound of Formula II can also be prepared by phenylthiomethylatingthe corresponding compound of Formula III or basic salt thereof withphenyl chloromethyl sulfide and displacing phenylthio from the resulting2-phenylthiomethyl-4R² -5, 6 or 7-R³ -saccharin with chloride or bromideusing, for example, sulfuryl chloride or sulfuryl bromide.

A compound of Formula II wherein X is chloro can also be prepared in onestep from the corresponding compound of Formula III by chloromethylationwith formaldehyde and chlorotrimethylsilane in the presence of stannicchloride.

A compound of Formula III can also be prepared by lithiating thecorresponding 2-R² -3, 4 or 5-R³ -N,N-di-lower-alkylbenzamide with alower-alkyl lithium, aminosulfonylating the resulting 2-R² -3, 4 or 5-R³-6-lithio-N,N-di-lower-alkylbenzamide with sulfur dioxide followed byhydroxylamine O-sulfonic acid or sulfuryl chloride followed by ammonia,and cyclizing the resulting 2-R² -3, 4 or 5-R³-6-aminosulfonyl-N,N-di-lower-alkylbenzamide in refluxing acetic acid.

A compound of Formula III wherein R² is primary or secondary alkyl oftwo to four carbon atoms can be prepared by lithiating the corresponding4-methyl-5, 6 or 7-R³ -saccharin with two molar equivalents of alower-alkyl lithium in an inert solvent, for example tetrahydrofuran,and alkylating the resulting 4-lithiomethyl-5, 6 or 7-R³ -saccharin withthe appropriate alkyl halide. Both reactions are carried out at atemperature in the range from -80° C. to -50° C. The above-described2-R² -3, 4 or 5-R³ -N,N-di-lower-alkylbenzamide wherein R² is primary orsecondary alkyl of two to four carbon atoms can be prepared by a similarlithiation-alkylation sequence starting with the corresponding 2-methyl,ethyl or propyl-3, 4 or 5-R³ -N,N-di-lower-alkylbenzamide.

A compound of Formula III wherein R² is primary or secondary alkyl oftwo to four carbon atoms can also be prepared by introducing R² earlierin the synthesis. Conjugate addition of the appropriate R² -cuprate to2-cyclohexenone and methoxycarbonylation of the resulting copper enolatewith methyl cyanoformate gives the corresponding 2-methoxycarbonyl-3-R²-cyclohexanone, enol etherification of which with benzylthiol and acidicclay gives a mixture of the corresponding 6-R²-2-benzylthio-1-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid methyl ester and 6-R²-2-benzylthio-3-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid methyl ester, aromatizationof which with dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone gives the corresponding 2-R²-6-benzylthiobenzoic acid methyl ester,oxidation-chlorination-debenzylation of which with chlorine in aqueousacetic acid gives 2-R² -6-chlorosulfonylbenzoic acid methyl ester,cyclization of which with ammonia gives the corresponding 4-R²-saccharin of Formula III.

Preparation of certain compounds of Formula III requires building upboth rings thereof. For example, to prepare a compound of Formula IIIwherein R² is lower-alkoxy and R³ is hydroxy, 3,3-thiobispropionic acidis converted with thionyl chloride into the bis acid chloride, which isconverted with benzylamine into the bis benzylamide, which oncyclization with sulfuryl chloride gives5-chloro-2-benzyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one, which on oxidation with one molarequivalent of a peracid gives5-chloro-2-benzyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one-1-oxide, which on heating underpressure with a 2-lower-alkoxyfuran gives a4-lower-alkoxy-7-hydroxy-2-benzyl-1,2-benzoisothiazol-2H-3-one-1-oxide,which on oxidation with one molar equivalent of a peracid gives thecorresponding4-lower-alkoxy-7-hydroxy-2-benzyl-1,2-benzoisothiazol-2H-3-one-1,1-dioxide,which on debenzylation by catalytic hydrogenation gives thecorresponding 4-lower-alkoxy-7-hydroxysaccharin of Formula III.Alkylation of a thus prepared4-lower-alkoxy-7-hydroxy-2-benzyl-1,2-benzoisothiazol-2H-3-one-1-oxidewith a lower-alkyl halide or an appropriately substituted lower-alkylhalide followed by oxidation and debenzylation similarly affords thecorresponding 4-lower-alkoxy-7-R³ -saccharin of Formula III wherein R³is lower-alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, B═N-lower-alkoxy, hydroxy-lower-alkoxy,polyhydroxy-lower-alkoxy or acetal or ketal thereof,lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy, poly-lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy,hydroxy-poly-lower-alkylenoxy or lower-alkoxy-poly-lower-alkylenoxy.

In preparing a compound of Formula I wherein L--R¹ is substituted orunsubstituted 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl from the corresponding2-azidomethyl-4-R² -5, 6 or 7-R₃ -saccharin condensation of thecorresponding compound of Formula II with the alkali metal azide,preferably sodium azide, is carried out in an inert solvent, for examplebenzene or toluene, at a temperature of 0°-150° C. Without isolation theresulting 2-azidomethyl-4-R² -5, 6 or 7-R³ -saccharin is cyclized withthe corresponding substituted or unsubstituted acetylene in the samesolvent at a temperature of 0°-150° C. to give the compound of FormulaI.

The pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt can be anypharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt but preferably has acommon anion, for example the hydrochloride salt. If the salt having acommon anion is unacceptable because it is not crystalline orinsufficiently soluble or hygroscopic, a salt having a less commonanion, for example the methanesulfonate, can be used. In any event foruse in a mammal the acid addition salt must be nontoxic and must notinterfere with the elastase inhibitory effect of the free base form ofthe compound of Formula I.

The pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt can be anypharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt but preferably has acommon cation, for example the sodium or potassium salt. If the salthaving a common cation is unacceptable because it is not crystalline orinsufficiently soluble or hygroscopic, a salt having a less commoncation, for example the diethylammonium salt, can be used. In any eventfor use in a mammal the base addition salt must be nontoxic and must notinterfere with the elastase inhibitory effect of the free acid form ofthe compound of Formula I.

The pK_(a) values of the compounds of formula H--L--R¹ are known or canbe determined by any of several known methods, for example as describedby Adrien Albert and E. P. Serjeant (The Determination of IonizationConstants, A Laboratory Manual, Third Edition, Chapman and Hall, Londonand New York, 1984) by titration in water (chapters 2 and 3) or byultraviolet spectrophotometric determination in water (chapter 4), orcan be estimated from known or thus determined pK_(a) values of closelyrelated compounds. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (72nd Edition,CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton--Ann Arbor--Boston, 1991, pp. 8-39 and 8-40)presents dissociation constants and pK (pK_(a)) values of severalhundred organic acids. G. Kortum, W. Vogel and K. Andrussow(DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS,Butterworths, London, 1961) presents dissociation constants of 1,056organic acids.

In the preparations and examples described below structures of productsare inferred from known structures of starting materials and expectedcourses of preparative reactions. Purification or purity and structuralconfirmation of starting materials and products were carried out ormeasured by melting temperature range, optical rotation, elementalanalysis, infrared spectral analysis, ultraviolet spectral analysis,mass spectral analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis,gas chromatography, column chromatography, high pressure liquidchromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography and/or thin layerchromatography.

Preparation of 2-Chloromethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin

To a solution of 300 mL of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (1.99moles) in 4 L of anhydrous ether was added 1550 mL of sec-BuLi (1.3M)and the mixture was cooled to -70° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. Asolution of 454.2 g of 2-isopropyl-4-methoxy-N,N-diethylbenzamide (1.82moles) in 300 mL of anhydrous ether was added dropwise over 30 minutesThe temperature was maintained at or below -60° C. during the addition.After the addition the mixture was stirred at -70° C. for one hour,allowed to warm to -50° C., held at -50° C. for 30 minutes, then cooledback to -70° C. By cannulation tube a solution of 200 g of SO₂ in 200 mLof dry ether precooled to -40° C. was added under positive nitrogenpressure over a 20-minute period. The temperature of the reactionmixture during the addition was maintained below -40° C. A white powderyprecipitate of aryllithium sulphinate separated out almost immediately.After the addition the cooling bath was removed and the mixture wasstirred at ambient temperature for two hours, then cooled to -5° C. Withcontinued stirring 190 mL of sulfuryl chloride (2.36 moles) was addeddropwise over a 15-minute period while maintaining the temperature below10° C. After further stirring for 30 minutes at 0°-5° C., a whiteinsoluble precipitate was filtered off and washed with 2 L of anhydrousether. Removal of the solvent at atmospheric pressure afforded theresulting sulfonyl chloride (a crude dark oil) was dissolved in 1.4 L ofTHF. The solution was cooled to -10° C., and 540 mL of concentratedaqueous ammonia (28%) was added in portions over 15 minutes. Thetemperature was kept at 15° C. or below throughout the addition. Afterstirring for 15 minutes at ambient temperature the TBF and excessammonia were removed under vacuum to give a dark oil, which was dilutedwith 6.0 L of water and acidified with 3N HCl to pH 1. The resultinglight yellow solid was collected by filtration, washed with 800 mL ofwater, dried at 60° C. under vacuum for 18 hours and recrystallized froma mixture of 800 mL of ethyl acetate and 3 L of hexane to give 429 g(72%) of 2-aminosulfonyl-6-isopropyl-4-methoxy-N,N-diethylbenzamide,m.r. 122°-125° C.

A solution of 429.6 g of the diethylbenzamide (1.31 mole) in 1.5 L ofacetic acid was refluxed for 20 hours, then cooled to room temperature.The solvent was removed under vacuum. The oily residue was dissolved in6 L of water and the pH was adjusted to 1 with 6N HCl. The crude productwas collected by filtration, washed with 2 L of water, dried at 60° C.under vacuum for 18 hours and recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexaneto give 303 g (91%) 4-isopropyl-6methoxysaccharin, m.p. 188° C.

To a suspension of 24 g of paraformaldehyde (0.8 mole) and 86.4 g ofchlorotrimethylsilane (1.6 moles) in 200 mL of 1,2-dichloroethane wasadded 0.8 ml anhydrous tin(IV) chloride and the resulting solutionstirred on a steam bath for one hour. 4-Isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin(51.4 g, 0.2 mole) was added to the clear solution and the mixture wasrefluxed for 18 hours, cooled to room temperature and poured into water.The organic layer was separated, washed with 50 mL of 2N sodiumhydroxide solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate andconcentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by crystallizationfrom ethyl acetate/hexane to give 57 g (87%) of2-chloromethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin, m.p. 151° C.

EXAMPLE 1 2-4,5-Di(t-butylsulfonyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl!methyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin

A solution of 18-crown-6 ether (0.60 g) and benzene (60 mL) was heatedunder reflux with a water separator for 1 hour, then cooled to roomtemperature. 2-Chloromethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin (3.03 g) andsodium azide (0.65 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred for a weekat room temperature, then chromatographed on a column of silica gel(silica gel 60, 83 g) using benzene as eluant. The fractions containingthe product, which were identified by thin layer chromatography, werecombined and concentrated affording2-azidomethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin as a solution in benzene(250 mL).

Di(t-butylsulfonyl)acetylene (1.50 g.) was added to part (75 mL) of theabove-described solution of 2-azidomethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharinin benzene. The resulting solution was heated under reflux for 65 hours,then chromatographed on silica gel (Kieselgel 60, 68 g) using firstbenzene and then cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (90:10, then 85:15, then75:25) as eluant. The fractions containing the product, which wereidentified by thin layer chromatography, were combined andrecrystallized from benzene-cyclohexane. Part (0.5 g) of the resultingproduct (1.5 g, m.r. 204°-205° C., 26% yield for both steps) wasrecrystallized twice from ethyl acetate affording 2-4,5-di(t-butylsulfonyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl!methyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharinas pale yellow elongated prisms (0.15 g, m.r. 207.5°-209° C.).

By titration in water the pK_(a) values of 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dinitrileand 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester were determinedto be 1.6 and 4.4 respectively. By ultraviolet spectrophotometricdetermination in water the pK_(a) value of1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxamide was determined to be 5.3. By comparisonwith these pK_(a) values the pK_(a) value of4,5-di(t-butylsulfonyl)-1,2,3-triazole is estimated to be about 2 orless.

EXAMPLE 2 2-{2,6-Dichloro-3-2-(4-morpholinylethoxy)!benzoyloxymethyl}-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin

A mixture of 2-chloromethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin (3.12 g),2,6-dichloro-3- 2-(4-morpholinylethoxy)!benzoic acid (3.0 g), potassiumcarbonate (1.93 g) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.75 g) indimethylformamide (50 mL) was heated at 75° C. for 1.5 hours, cooled toroom temperature, and poured into water (400 ml.). The resultingprecipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water (200 mL) andhexane (200 mL), and dried affording 2-{2,6-dichloro-3-2-(4-morpholinylethoxy)!benzoyloxy-methyl}-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin(6.1 g; theory, 5.50 g).

Similar condensation of 2-chloromethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharinand 2,6-dichloro-3- 2-(4-morpholinylethoxy)!benzoic acid with potassiumcarbonate in N-methylpyrrolidone at room temperature andrecrystallization of the product from ethanol afforded2-{2,6-dichloro-3-2-(4-morpholinylethoxy)!benzoyloxy-methyl}-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharinin 69% yield (m.p. 146° C.).

Saturated ethereal hydrogen chloride was added to a solution of2-{2,6-dichloro-3-2-(4-morpholinylethoxy)!benzoyloxy-methyl}-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin(4.6 g from the first above-described preparation thereof) inether-dichloromethane (9:1, 100 mL). The resulting precipitate wascollected by filtration, washed with ether and cyclohexane, and driedaffording 2-{2,6-dichloro-3-2-(4-morpholinylethoxy)!benzoyloxy-methyl}-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharinhydrochloride salt (3.9 g, 89% yield for both steps).

By comparison with known pK_(a) values of known substituted benzoicacids the pK_(a) value of 2,6-dichloro-3-2-(4-morpholinylethoxy)!benzoic acid is estimated to be from about 2 toabout 3.

EXAMPLE 32-(1-Phenyltetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin

A mixture of 2-chloromethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin (0.25 g) and1-phenyltetrazole-5-thiol sodium salt (0.173 g) in dimethylformamide (10mL) was heated at 60°-80° C. for 8 hours, then poured into ice-watercontaining saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The resulting mixturewas extracted with ether. The ether extract was washed with water andsaturated aqueous sodium chloride, passed through silica gel andstripped of ether affording2-(1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin as afoam (0.3 g, 83% yield).

By ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination in water the pK_(a)value of 1-phenyltetrazole-5-thiol was determined to be 2.9.

EXAMPLE 42-(1-Phenyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfinylmethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin

Oxidation of2-(1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin withone molar equivalent of m-perbenzoic acid in an inert solvent gives2-(1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfinylmethyl-4isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin.

EXAMPLE 52-(1-Phenyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfonylmethyl-4isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin

Oxidation of2-(1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfinylmethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharinwith one molar equivalent of m-perbenzoic acid in an inert solvent gives2-(1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfonylmethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin.

EXAMPLE 62-(4-Phenyl-5-thiono-4,5-dihydrotetrazolyl-1-yl)methyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin

Condensation of 4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin sodium salt with2-chloromethyl-4-phenyl-5-thiono-4,5-dihydrotetrazole indimethylformamide with heating gives2-(4-phenyl-5-thiono-4,5-dihydrotetrazolyl-1-yl)methyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin.

EXAMPLE 7 2-Acetoxymethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin

Condensation of 4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin with aqueous formaldehydein ethanol gives 2-hydroxymethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin,acetylation of which with acetic anhydride and a catalytic amount ofsulfuric acid gives 2-acetoxymethyl-4-isopropyl-6-methoxysaccharin.

Additional examples of the compounds of Formula I have been prepared bythe methods described above and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,128,339 incorporatedherein by reference and are described below in terms of the variablesR₂, R₃ and L--R₁.

Compounds of Formula I have been prepared wherein R² is methyl, ethyl,n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-butyl, dimethylamino, methoxy, ethoxy, andisopropoxy.

Compounds of Formula I have been prepared wherein R³ is hydrogen,7-methyl, 6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl), 6-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolyl),6-dimethylamino, 5-nitro, 6-nitro, 6-hydroxy, 7-hydroxy, 5-methoxy,6-methoxy, 7-methoxy, 5,6-dimethoxy, 5,7-dimethoxy, 6,7-dimethoxy,6-ethoxy, 6-isopropoxy, 6-cyclobutyloxy, 6- 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy!, 6-(2,3-dihydroxy)propoxy!, 6- (2,3-propylenedioxy)propoxy!, 6-2,3-dimethoxypropoxy!, 6- 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy!, 7-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy!, 7-carboxymethoxy, 6-methoxycarbonylmethoxy,6-(t-butoxycarbonyl)methoxy, 6-benzyloxycarbonylmethoxy,7-(t-butoxycarbonyl)methoxy, 7-dimethylamino-carbonyloxy,6,7-methylenedioxy, 6-fluoro, 7-chloro, 6-(n-propyl)-7-methoxy,6-methyl-5,7-dimethoxy, 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy and6-dimethylamino-7-chloro.

Compounds of Formula I wherein L is N and N taken together with R¹ isN-heterocyclyl have been prepared wherein N-heterocyclyl is4,5-di(t-butylsulfonyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4-phenyl-5-thiono-4,5-dihydrotetrazolyl-1-yl,4-(3-pyridyl)-5-thiono-4,5-dihydrotetrazolyl-1-yl,1,1,3-trioxotetrahydro-1,2,5-thiadiazol-2-yl,4,5-di(methoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4-phenylsulfonyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4-methoxycarbonyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,5-methoxycarbonyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4-phenyl-5-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4ethoxycarbonyl-5-phenyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4-carboxy-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4-trimethylsilyl-5-phenylsulfonyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,5-phenylsulfonyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4-phenylsulfonyl-5-isopropyl-1,2,3-triazin-1-yl,4-isopropyl-5-phenylsulfonyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4,5-di(aminocarbonyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4,5-dicarboxy-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4,5-dicarboxy-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl(monosodium salt),4-trimethylsilyl-5-dimethylaminosulfonyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,2-thiono-2,3-dihydro-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-yl,4-(t-butyl)-5-dimethylaminosulfonyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4-dimethylaminosulfonyl-5-(t-butyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4-trimethylsilyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4,5-dicyano-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4,5-di(1-piperidinylcarbonyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4,5-di(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl,4,5-di(1-piperidinylcarbonyl)-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl,3-benzyloxy-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4-yl and4,5dicyano-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is lower-alkanoyl has beenprepared wherein lower-alkanoyl is 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is an amino acid orpeptide acyl has been prepared wherein peptide acyl is(N-benzoylglycyl)phenylalanyl.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is cycloalkanecarbonyl hasbeen prepared wherein cycloalkanecarbonyl is cyclopropanecarbonyl.

Compounds of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is aryl-lower-alkanoylunsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy or lower alkoxy have beenprepared wherein substituted or unsubstituted aryl-lower-alkanoyl is2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoyl, 2-methyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propanoyl,2-(2-chlorophenyl)propanoyl, 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl,2-methoxy-2-phenylacetyl or 2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl.

Compounds of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is monocyclic, substitutedor unsubstituted, aromatic or hydroaromatic C-heterocyclylcarbonyl havebeen prepared wherein C-heterocyclylcarbonyl is3,5-dichloropyridyl-4-carbonyl, 3,5-dichloro-2-2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy!pyridyl-4-carbonyl, 3,5-dichloro-2-2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy!pyridyl-4-carbonyl, thiophene-3-carbonyl,3-methylthiophene-2-carbonyl, thiophene-2-carbonyl,3-chlorothiophene-2-carbonyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl-5-carbonyl,3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-carbonyl, 2,4-dimethylpyridyl-3-carbonyl and1-phenyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole-4-carbonyl.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is monocyclic substitutedaryloxy-2-lower-alkanoyl has been prepared whereinaryloxy-2-lower-alkanoyl is 2-methyl-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propionyl.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is bicyclic or tricyclicunsubstituted aroyl has been prepared wherein aroyl is 2-naphthoyl or4-anthracenoyl.

Compounds of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is monocyclic substitutedor unsubstituted aroyl have been prepared wherein monocyclic,substituted or unsubstituted aroyl is 2,6-dichloro-3-2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy!benzoyl, benzoyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl,2,6-dichloro-3-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)benzoyl,2,6-dichloro-3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylsulfonyl)benzoyl,2,6-dichloro-3-(carboxymethylaminosulfonyl)benzoyl, 2,6-dichloro-3-N-(4-isopropyl-2-saccharinylmethyl)-N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-sulfonyl!benzoyl,2,6-dichloro-3-(1-piperazinylsulfonyl)benzoyl, 2,6-dichloro-3-N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-N-(methyl)aminosulfonyl!benzoyl,2,6-dichloro-3-hydroxybenzoyl, 2,6-dichloro-3-benzyloxybenzoyl,3-benzyloxybenzoyl,2,6-dichloro-3-(4-benzyl-1-piperazinylsulfonyl)benzoyl,2,6-dichloro-3-carboxymethoxybenzoyl, 2,6-dichloro-3-methoxybenzoyl,2,6-dichloro-4-methoxybenzoyl, 2,6-dichloro-3-2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy!benzoyl, 2,6-dichloro-3-N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-(methyl)aminosulfonyl!benzoyl,2,6-di-fluoro-3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylsulfonyl)benzoyl,2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl, 2,6-difluorobenzoyl, 2,6-dimethylbenzoyl,2,4-dichlorobenzoyl, 2,6-dichloro-4- 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy!benzoyl,2,6-dichloro-3- 2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy!benzoyl, 2,6-dichloro-3-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy!benzoyl, 2,6-dichloro-3-2-(diethylamino)-ethoxy!benzoyl, 2,6-difluoro-4-methoxybenzoyl,2,6-dimethoxy-4-benzyloxybenzoyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzoyl,2,6-dichloro-4-ethoxycarbonylbenzoyl, 2-isopropylbenzoyl,2,6-dimethoxy-4-acetylaminobenzoyl, 2,6-dimethyl-4-benzyloxybenzoyl,2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzoyl, 2-isopropyl-4-methoxybenzoyl,2,6-dimethoxy-3-methylsulfonylaminobenzoyl and2-isopropyl-4,5-dimethoxybenzoyl.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ isaryl-lower-alkylaminocarbonyl has been prepared whereinaryl-lower-alkylaminocarbonyl is phenylmethylaminocarbonyl.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is (mono ordi-lower-alkyl, phenyl or lower-alkoxyphenyl)phosphinyl has beenprepared wherein (mono or di-lower-alkyl, phenyl orlower-alkoxyphenyl)phosphinyl is diphenylphosphinyl.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is (mono ordi-lower-alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-lower-alkyl)phosphono has been preparedwherein (mono or di-lower-alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-lower-alkyl)phosphonois diethylphosphono.

Compounds of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is C-heterocyclyl have beenprepared wherein C-heterocyclyl is 2-methyl-4-pyron-3-yl,6-hydroxymethyl-4-pyron-3-yl, 3,4-dichloropyridazin-2-yl,3-phenylcoumarin-7-yl, 4-phenylcoumarin-7-yl,6-chloro-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-7-yl, 4-methylcoumarin-7-yl,3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)coumarin-7-yl, saccharin-6-yl,4-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl, 5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl,5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 3-methylthio-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-yl,4-ethoxycarbonylisoxazol-5-yl, 1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl,2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-methyl-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)-3-pyridyl,5-methoxycarbonylisoxazol-3-yl and 1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylindol-3-yl.

Compounds of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is the residue of an oximewere prepared wherein the oxime residue is 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl and3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-5-phenylpyrazol-4-imino.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is tricyclic substitutedaryl was prepared wherein tricyclic substituted aryl is1-oxo-7-phenalenyl.

Compounds of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is monocyclic substitutedaryl were prepared wherein monocyclic substituted aryl is2,5-difluoro-4-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl, 2,4-dichloro-3-2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxycarbonyl)!-phenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl,2,4,6-trichlorophenyl,2,4-dichloro-3-(4-methylpiperazinylcarbonyl)phenyl,2,4-dichloro-3-carboxyphenyl, 3-2-(4-morpholinyl)-ethoxycarbonyl)!phenyl,3-(4-methylpiperazinylcarbonyl)phenyl, 2,4-dichloro-3-2-(4-morpholinyl)ethylaminocarbonyl!phenyl,4-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl,2,4-dichloro-6-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl,2-chloro-4-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl,2-methoxycarbonyl-5-methoxyphenyl,2-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl,2-chloro-4-(4-thiamorpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl,2-chloro-4-(4,4-dioxy-4-thiamorpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl,2,6-difluoro-4-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl,2,4-difluoro-6-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl,3,4-difluoro-6-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl,2-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)-4-fluorophenyl, 4-2-(4-morpholinyl)ethylaminocarbonyl!phenyl, pentafluorophenyl,3-(4-methylpiperazinylsulfonyl)phenyl, 3-(4-morpholinylethoxy)phenyl, 3-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)methyl-aminosulfonyl!phenyl,4-methylsulfonylphenyl, 3-diethoxyphosphonylphenyl,2-trifluoromethyl-4-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl,2,6-dichloro-4-(4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl,3,5-difluoro-4-(4-morpholinylcarbonyl)phenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl,2,5-difluoro-4-(4-methylpiperazinylsulfonyl)phenyl,2,6-difluoro-4-(4-methylpiperazinylsulfonyl)phenyl,3,5-difluoro-4-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl,2,6-dichloro-4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl, 1-oxocycloheptatrien-2-yl and3,5,6-trimethylquinon-2-yl.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is monocyclic,substituted, hydroaromatic 3-oxocarbocycl-1-enyl has been preparedwherein 3-oxocarbocycl-1-enyl is 2-methyl-3-oxo-1-cyclopentenyl.

A compound of Formula I wherein L is O and R¹ is monocyclic,substituted, aromatic 3-oxo-C-heterocycl-1-enyl has been preparedwherein 3-oxo-C-heterocycl-1-enyl is 6-methyl-1-pyron-4-yl.

Compounds of Formula I wherein L is S and R¹ is cyano, benzoyl andethoxythiocarbonyl have been prepared.

Compounds of Formula I wherein L is S, SO or SO₂ and R¹ is monocyclicsubstituted aryl has been prepared wherein monocyclic substituted arylis 2-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl-sulfonyl)phenyl.

Compounds of Formula I wherein L is S and R¹ is monocyclic, substituted,aromatic C-heterocyclyl have been prepared wherein monocyclic,substituted, aromatic C-heterocyclyl is 1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl, 1-2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl!tetrazol-5-yl,1-(dimethylaminocarbonyl-methyl)tetrazol-5-yl,1-(3-pyridyl)tetrazol-5-yl, 1-methyltetrazol-5-yl,5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-cyclohexylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl,1-(4-morpholinylpropyl)-tetrazol-5-yl, 5-2-(4-morpholinyl)ethylthio!-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-2-(1-piperidinyl)-ethylthio!-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl,5-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-yl,5-(2-dimethylaminoethylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-yl, 5-2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl!-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 5-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl!-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl,5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 5-(2-furyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,1-(3-succinoylaminophenyl)-tetrazol-5-yl, 5-benzyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,5-hydroxy-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazolo 3,4-b!1,3!thiazin-3-yl, 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,1-methyl-5-ethoxy-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl,5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,5-(2-pyrazinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,4-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)thiazol-2-yl,5-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 5-(3-furyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methylthiazol-2-yl, 4-phenylthiazol-2-yl,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl, 4-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-2-yl,3-phenyl-2-thiono-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl,4-methyl-5-oxo-6-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 5-4-(n-pentyloxy)phenyl!-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 5-{4-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy!-phenyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,5-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl,5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl and 5-phenyloxazol-2-yl.

Biological Properties of the Compounds

As stated above the compounds of Formula I inhibit the enzymaticactivity of proteolytic enzymes and are useful in treatment ofdegenerative diseases. More particularly they inhibit human leukocyteelastase and chymotrypsin-like enzymes and are useful in treatment ofemphysema, rheumatoid arthritis, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, chronicbronchitis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, inflammatory boweldisease, psoriasis, bullous pemphigoid and alpha-1-antitrypsindeficiency. This utility was demonstrated by an in vitro test ofinhibition of compounds of Formula I against human leukocyte elastase.

Measurement of the inhibition constant (K_(i)) of a human leukocyteelastase inhibitor complex has been described (Cha, BiochemicalPharmacology, vol 24, pp. 2177-2185, 1975) for "truly reversibleinhibition constants" usually concerning competitive inhibitors. Thecompounds of Formula I do not form truly reversible inhibitor complexesbut rather are consumed by the enzyme to some extent. K_(i) *, which isdefined as the rate of reactivation of the enzyme divided by the rate ofinactivation of the enzyme (k_(off) /k_(on)), was therefore determinedinstead. The values of k_(off) and k_(on) were measured and K_(i) * wasthen calculated.

The value of k_(on) was determined by measuring the enzyme activity ofan aliquot of the enzyme as a function of the time after addition of thetest compound (inhibitor). By plotting the log of the enzyme activityagainst time an observed rate of inactivation (k_(obs)) was obtained bythe equation k_(obs) =ln 2/t_(1/2) wherein t_(1/2) is the time requiredfor the enzyme activity to decrease by 50%. The value of k_(on) was thenobtained by the equation k_(on) =k_(obs) / I! wherein I! is theconcentration of the inhibitor. The value of k_(off) was similarlydetermined, and K_(i) * was then obtained by the equation K_(i)*=k_(off) /k_(on).

The results shown in Table I were obtained for the compounds of FormulaI of Examples 1-3.

                  TABLE I                                                         ______________________________________                                        Inhibition of Human Leukocyte Elastase                                        Compound of Formula I                                                         of Example        K.sub.i * (nM)                                              ______________________________________                                        1                 0.024                                                       2                 0.014                                                       3                 0.27                                                        ______________________________________                                    

The other examples of the compounds of Formula I have K_(i) * values inthe range from about 1,000 nM to about 0.01 nM.

Method of Use and Compositions

The proteolytic enzyme inhibiting amount of the compound of Formula Ican be estimated from the results of the test for human leukocyteelastase inhibition and can additionally be varied for a particularpatient depending on the physical condition of the patient, the route ofadministration, the duration of treatment and the response of thepatient. An effective dose of the compound of Formula I can thus only bedetermined by the clinician after consideration of all pertinentcriteria and exercise of best judgment on behalf of the patient.

A compound of Formula I can be prepared for pharmaceutical use byincorporating it in a pharmaceutical composition for oral, parenteral oraerosol inhalation administration, which can be in solid or liquiddosage form including tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions andemulsions and which can include one or more suitable adjuvants. Solidunit dosages in the form of tablets or capsules for oral administrationare preferred. For this purpose the adjuvant can be for example one ormore of calcium carbonate, starch, lactose, talc, magnesium stearate andgum acacia. The compositions are prepared by conventional pharmaceuticaltechniques.

We claim:
 1. A compound having the structural formula ##STR7## wherein Lis SO_(n) wherein n is 0, 1 or 2;L--R¹ is a SO_(n) -heterocyclyl leavinggroup, and H--L--R¹ is the conjugate acid thereof which has a pK_(a)value less than or equal to to 5; R² is primary or secondary alkyl oftwo to four carbon atoms, primary alkylamino of one to three carbonatoms, primary alkylmethylamino of two to four carbon atoms,diethylamino or primary alkoxy of one to three carbon atoms; and R³ isfrom one to three substituents at any or all of the 5-, 6- and7-positions and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,lower-alkyl, cycloalkyl, amino-lower-alkyl,lower-alkylamino-lower-alkyl, di-lower-alkylamino-lower-alkyl,hydroxy-lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy-lower-alkyl, perfluoro-lower-alkyl,perchloro-lower-alkyl, formyl, cyano, carboxy, aminocarbonyl,R-oxycarbonyl, B═N wherein B═N is amino, lower-alkylamino,di-lower-alkylamino, carboxy-lower-alkylamino, 1-pyrrolidinyl,1-piperidinyl, 1-azetidinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl,4-lower-alkyl-1-piperazinyl, 4-benzyl-1-piperazinyl or 1-imidazolyl,1-lower-alkyl-2-pyrrolyl, lower-alkylsulfonylamino,perfluoro-lower-alkylsulfonylamino, perchloro-lower-alkylsulfonylamino,nitro, hydroxy, lower-alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, B═N-lower-alkoxy,hydroxy-lower-alkoxy, polyhydroxy-lower-alkoxy or acetal or ketalthereof, lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy, poly-lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy,hydroxy-poly-lower-alkylenoxy, lower-alkoxy-poly-lower-alkylenoxy,B═N-carbonyloxy, carboxy-lower-alkoxy, R-oxycarbonyl-lower-alkoxy,methylenedioxy, R-thio, R-sulfinyl, R-sulfonyl,perfluoro-lower-alkylsulfonyl, perchloro-lower-alkylsulfonyl,aminosulfonyl, lower-alkylaminosulfonyl, di-lower-alkylaminosulfonyl andhalo; wherein R is lower-alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or naphthyl; or phenyl ornaphthyl having one or two substituents selected from the groupconsisting of lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy and halo; or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable acid addition salt thereof if the compound has a basicfunctional group or a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition saltthereof if the compound has an acidic functional group.
 2. A compoundaccording to claim 1 wherein R² is primary or secondary alkyl of two tofour carbon atoms.
 3. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R² isisopropyl.
 4. A compound according to claim 3 wherein R³ is hydroxy,lower-alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, B═N-lower-alkoxy, hydroxy-lower-alkoxy,polyhydroxy-lower-alkoxy or acetal or ketal thereof,lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy, poly-lower-alkoxy-lower-alkoxy,lower-alkoxy-poly-lower-alkoxy, B═N-carbonyloxy, carboxy-lower-alkoxy,R-oxycarbonyl-lower-alkoxy, or methylenedioxy.
 5. A compound accordingto claim 4 wherein R³ is lower-alkoxy.
 6. A compound according to claim5 wherein R³ is methoxy.
 7. A compound according to claim 6 wherein R³is 6-methoxy.
 8. A compound according to claim 7 wherein L is SO_(n) andH--L--R¹ has a pK_(a) value less than or equal to
 5. 9. A compoundaccording to claim 8 wherein n is
 0. 10. A compound according to claim 9wherein R¹ is monocyclic or bicyclic, substituted or unsubstituted,aromatic or hydroaromatic C-heterocyclyl.
 11. A compound according toclaim 9 wherein R¹ is monocyclic, substituted, aromatic C-heterocyclyl.12. A pharmaceutical composition for treatment of degenerative diseasein which the inhibition of proteolytic enzymes plays a substantial role,which comprises a proteolytic enzyme inhibiting concentration of acompound of Formula I according to claim 1 in a pharmaceutical carrier.13. A pharmaceutical composition for treatment of degenerative diseasein which the inhibition of proteolytic enzymes plays a substantial role,which comprises a proteolytic enzyme inhibiting concentration of acompound of Formula I according to claim 8 in a pharmaceutical carrier.14. The method of treating a patient having a degenerative disease inwhich the inhibition of proteolytic enzymes plays a substantial role,which comprises administering to the patient a proteolytic enzymeinhibiting amount of a compound of Formula I according to claim
 1. 15.The method of treating a patient having a degenerative disease in whichthe inhibition of proteolytic enzymes plays a substantial role, whichcomprises administering to the patient a proteolytic enzyme inhibitingamount of a compound of Formula I according to claim
 8. 16. The methodof treating a patient having a degenerative disease in which theinhibition of proteolytic enzymes plays a substantial role, whichcomprises administering to the patient a proteolytic enzyme inhibitingamount of a composition according to claim
 12. 17. The method oftreating a patient having a degenerative disease in which the inhibitionof proteolytic enzymes plays a substantial role, which comprisesadministering to the patient a proteolytic enzyme inhibiting amount of acomposition according to claim 13.